DNS Master Slave Configuration

1.Master and slave configuration
2.acl setting
3.view setting

For making the Dns a Master dns server we give the type master and for making that slave we give type slaves. And by defaults in slaves the files will be copied from master to slaves defautl /var/named/slaves/ directory.
 
Acl setting acl setting is used to group a set of networks or individual ip's under a single name.

View setting is used to isolate the dns zones for a specific network as per acl or given ip's.we could give the ip's or network or acl which has access to the view in match-client {;}; option inside the view option .


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MASTERS-configuration file
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
acl "example" { 192.168.122.0/24 ; 127/8 ;  };
acl "virtual" { 192.168.100.0/24 ; 127/8 ;  };
options {
    listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; example ; virtual ;};
#    listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
    directory     "/var/named";
    dump-file     "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
    allow-query     { localhost; example; virtual; };
    recursion yes;

#    dnssec-enable yes;
#    dnssec-validation yes;
#    dnssec-lookaside auto;

    /* Path to ISC DLV key */
    bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};


view mixed {
match-clients { 192.168.122.2; 192.168.100.1; };
zone "example.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "forward.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
    
};
 zone "122.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "reverse.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "virtual.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "forwardvir.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};
 zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "reversevir.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

};

view internal {
match-clients { example; };
zone "example.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "forward.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};
 zone "122.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "reverse.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};
};

view external {
match-clients { virtual; };
zone "virtual.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "forwardvir.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};
 zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "reversevir.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

};

#i:nclude "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";



-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SLAVES-configuration file

In salves the zones will have the entry
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
        listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.100.0/24 ;};
#       listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        allow-query     { localhost; 192.168.100.0/24 ; };
        recursion yes;

#       dnssec-enable yes;
#       dnssec-validation yes;
#       dnssec-lookaside auto;

        /* Path to ISC DLV key */
        bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};

view external {
match-clients { 192.168.100.0/24; };
zone "virtual.com" IN {
        type slave;
        masters { 192.168.100.1 ; };
        file "slaves/forwardvir.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};
 zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type slave;
        masters { 192.168.100.1 ; };
        file "slaves/reversevir.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

};

Setting sendmail as default

alternatives --display mta
yum install sendmail
service postfix stop
chkconfig postfix off
vim /etc/mail/sendmail.mc
disable the line starting with DEAMON like below
dnl # DEAMON
make -C /etc/mail
alternatives --set Mta /usr/sbin/sendmail
service sendmail start
service sendmail restart
chkconfig sendmail on

Apache + SSL = https

Here all my package are place in /apache directory

cd /apache
echo "Switching OFF httpd"
sleep 2

service httpd stop
chkconfig httpd off

echo "Installing needed packages..."
sleep 2

yum install -y pcre*
yum install -y gcc*
yum install -y libtool
yum install -y mod_ssl
yum install -y openssl*
yum install -y libxml*

updatedb

echo "Untaring apache..."
sleep 2

tar zxvf httpd-2.4.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz
tar zxvf apr-util-1.4.1.tar.gz

cd /apache

echo "Moving APR to directories..."
sleep 2

mv apr-1.4.6 /apache/httpd-2.4.3/srclib/apr
mv apr-util-1.4.1 /apache/httpd-2.4.3/srclib/apr-util

mkdir -p /http
cd httpd-2.4.3
echo "Compiling Apache..."
sleep 2
./configure --prefix=/http/ --enable-module=so --enable-rewrite=shared --with-included-apr --enable-cgi --enable-ssl

echo "Installing Apache..."
make
make install

echo "INSTALLATION COMPLETED...."
sleep 2
echo "Time for manual configuration..."
sleep 2

echo "Creating the SSL certificate and key"
sleep 2
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
echo "Copying the files to /http/conf"
sleep 2
cp server * /http/conf

echo "configure the ssl in apache"
gedit /http/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

we should edit the ssl conf file to correct certificate and key file

echo "
#SSLEngine on
#SSLCertificateFile
#SSLCertificateKeyFile
" >> /http/conf/httpd.conf
tail -n 7 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf >> /http/conf/httpd.conf
gedit /http/conf/httpd.conf


in httpd conf file we need to give the above 3 lines and path to certificate and key .we need to check whether the module is loaded or hashed ,if hashed we need to un hash it
the a proper service restart will ask for password

/http/bin/apachectl restart

NFS Sharing

Network File System Sharing is used for sharing the files/directory all through the network

port 2049

files used are
rpc.nfsd
rpc.mountd
rpc.lockd
rpc.statd
rpc.rquotandd

@ /usr/sbin
/etc/init.d/nfs
/etc/init.d/nfslock
/etc/exports

1.Server --- place from which we need to share the directory

---->yum install -y nfs-utils*
---->service nfs restart
---->chkconfig nfs on
---->vim /etc/exports

In this file we say about files we need to share ,the mode in which the files are to shared and network to which the files are to be shared

eg:
/nfs 192.168.0.0/24(ro)
/nfs 192.168.122.0/255.255.255.0(rw,sync)
/nfs 192.168.122.0/24(ro)
some of the modes in which directories can be shared are
crossmnt
no_subtree_check
root_squarch


---->exportfs -r

----****we should set the proper context ,sebool and setfacl for needed user

---->getsebool -a | grep nfs

this will list the needed Boolean we must set it according to the needs

---->setfacl -m u:nfsnobody:rwx /nfs

this will allow the nfsnobody user to use the /nfs directory this is needed if we are giving the write option to the directory

if more problems occur while sharing the directory we should also check the context for selinux or disable the selinux


showmount -e 192.168.0.1
will list the all the nfs shared directory by the server 192.168.0.1

2.Client --- where we will mount the shared directories
there are multiple ways to mount the directory

---->yum install -y nfs*
---->service nfs restart
---->chkconfig nfs on

a.every shared folders will be available at /net every time as readonly type we use that as following ,for first example of sharing

---->cd /net
---->cd 192.168.0.1 cd nfs


b.We can also mount the directory by simple mount command
mount nfs://192.168.0.1/nfs /data

one of the main default of this system is that if we give the entry for mount in fstab and server goes down and if we restart the client ,the client will have boot break to over come this problem we use autofs mounting systems


c.using autofs mounting system

here first we will edit /etc/auto.master file

---->vim /etc/auto.master

/data /etc/auto.nfs

---->vim /etc/auto.nfs

nfs -rw 192.168.122.1:/nfs

----->service autofs reload
----->chkconfig autofs on

here after reloading the autofs service we could browse to that folder
---->cd /data
---->cd nfs
---->ls

Samba Sharing

Samba sharing use for sharing between linux and windows machines

port 137,139,138,445

configuration file /etc/samba/smb.conf

samba sharing can be of two types public and non public with username and passwd

1.public sharing

vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

74 workgroup = MYGROUP
75 server string = Samba Server Version %v

79 interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
80 hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.

last 8 lines
[public]
comment = Public Stuff
path = /smb
public = yes
writable = yes
printable = no
write list = +staff
browseable = no


here work group must be capital
server string is the name by which we select the sambaserver
interfaces as per needed
hosts allowed as per needed
later the share name in square bracket its the name by which we select the samba share from the server
path path to the directory
public yes for the public connection
browseable yes to enable browsing




here we are sharing the /smb directory,we should set the context,sebool and setfacl as need
---->chcon -t samba_share_t /smb
---->setfacl -m u:nobody:rwx /smb
and give needed sebool
getsebool -a | grep smb
getsebool -a | grep samba



2.Non public sharing

for a non public sharing the public tag should be no and we should add following tags from lines 252 to last part

valid users = ram

and we need to setfacl for ram to the directory /smb
---->setfacl -m u:ram:rwx /smb

and we need to give smbpasswd

smbpasswd -a ram
smbpasswd -e ram

-a for adding the user to samba users and -e to enable the samba passwd



we could see the hosted samba server by
smbclient -L 192.168.122.1 <---------IP of server

client part
1.public
smbclient -L 192.168.122.1

smbclient //server_string/sharename

2.Non public users

smbclient //server_string/sharename -U username

FTP sharing

File Sharing Protocol

ports used

ftp-data 20/tcp

ftp-data 20/udp

ftp 21/tcp

ftp 21/udp

files are /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

We have two type of access modes anonymous and user mode

In anonymous we can enter without password & in user mode we should enter password to get access

In anonymous we mode we will be sharing /var/ftp/pub directory & in usermode we will be sharing coresponding users home directory

In anonymous mode users will normally have only read permission if we need to give write permission we need to create a directory inside the /var/ftp and change the context to public_content_rw_t and set the acl of that directory to ftp user to enable anonymous user entry we need to enable following lines as yes

anonymous_enable=YES

write_enable=YES anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

give the write permission as per need we need to set the sebool also to get it right

getseboot-a | grep ftp

 

To enable user mode entry just set no to all the anonymous settings and set yes to

local_enable=YES and we need to set needed sebool getsebool -a | grep ftp

Bash Terminal shortcuts

Bash Shortcuts Quick Reference
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Esc-Del	Delete previous word (may not work, instead try Esc followed by Backspace)
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