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Friday, March 15, 2024

Streamlining IP Address Management on Windows Servers

Managing multiple IP addresses on a Windows server through the graphical interface can be a tedious process, requiring manual entry for each IP address in separate dialog boxes. However, there's a much simpler solution that allows you to add entire subnets in seconds using the command line.

Adding IP Addresses from the Command Line

Windows provides the netsh command, enabling configuration of network connections. To add an IP address, use the following syntax:

netsh interface ipv4 add address "Local Area Connection" 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

This command adds the IP address 192.168.1.2 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 to the connection titled "Local Area Network."
Adding Multiple IP Addresses at Once

By combining the netsh command with a FOR /L loop, you can quickly add multiple IP addresses. The syntax for the loop is:

FOR /L %variable IN (start,step,end) DO command
To add every IP address from an entire subnet, use:

FOR /L %A IN (0,1,255) DO netsh interface ipv4 add address "Local Area Connection" 192.168.1.%A 255.255.255.0
This command efficiently adds all IP addresses from 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.255 to the "Local Area Connection" interface.

Quick Demonstration

To illustrate, let's add IP addresses 192.168.1.10 to 192.168.1.20:

FOR /L %A IN (10,1,20) DO netsh interface ipv4 add address "Local Area Connection" 192.168.1.%A 255.255.255.0
After running the command, the IP Configuration of the adapter displays the new addresses.

Additional Commands

Here are some useful additional netsh commands:

  • To list IP addresses: netsh int ipv4 show ipaddresses level=verbose
  • To delete an IP address: netsh int ipv4 delete address "Local Area Connection 1" 10.114.1.35

Adding IP Addresses to Your Dedicated Windows Server

For Windows Server 2003 and earlier:

  1. Log in to Remote Desktop.
  2. Navigate to Control Panel -> Network Connections -> Local Area Connection.
  3. Right-click Properties -> Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) -> Properties -> Advanced -> Add.

For Windows Server 2008:

  1. Log in to Remote Desktop.
  2. Open the Start menu and select Network.
  3. Double-click Network and Sharing Center.
  4. Click Change Adapter Settings -> Right-click server's network card -> Properties.
  5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) -> Properties -> Advanced -> Add.

Friday, February 16, 2024

Suphp Installation

Installing suPHP on a server using cPanel and EasyApache is a straightforward process but requires careful attention to detail. suPHP is a tool for executing PHP scripts with the permissions of their owners, enhancing the security of the server. Here's a detailed guide on how to install and configure suPHP:

Step 1: Launch a Screen Session

Before you start, it's recommended to run EasyApache within a screen session. This ensures that the process continues running even if your SSH session is interrupted.
screen -S ea
This command starts a new screen session named "ea."
Step 2: Run EasyApache

Now, initiate the EasyApache script. This script provides a text-based interface for configuring Apache and PHP.
/scripts/easyapache
Step 3: Select Mod SuPHP

Within the EasyApache interface, navigate to the "Exhaustive Options List" and find "Mod SuPHP." Select it by pressing the spacebar. Make any other adjustments as needed for your server environment, then proceed to compile and build Apache and PHP with your new settings.

Step 4: Build the Configuration

After selecting Mod SuPHP and any other required options, follow the on-screen instructions to complete the build process. This might take some time depending on your server's specifications and the options selected.
Step 5: Configure suPHP

Once EasyApache has finished building, you can enable suPHP on your server with the following command:
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/rebuild_phpconf 5 none suphp 1

This command sets PHP5 to use suPHP as the PHP Handler and enables suEXEC, which is necessary for suPHP to function correctly.
Step 6: Verify the Configuration

To ensure that suPHP has been correctly configured, use the following command to display the current PHP handler setup:
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/rebuild_phpconf --current

You should see output indicating that PHP5 is using suPHP and that suEXEC is enabled.
Step 7: Restart Apache

For the changes to take effect, restart the Apache service:
/scripts/restartsrv_httpd
Step 8: Check suPHP Log and Adjust Permissions

Finally, you can check the suPHP log file for any errors or messages:
/usr/local/apache/logs/suphp_log
If you encounter errors related to file permissions, suPHP requires directories to have 755 permissions and files to have 644 permissions. Use the following commands to set permissions correctly for PHP files and directories within your web content:
find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
Run these commands within the root directory of your website(s).

Conclusion

Following these steps will install and configure suPHP on your cPanel server, enhancing the security by executing PHP scripts with the permissions of their owners. Be sure to monitor the suPHP log file for any errors and adjust file permissions as necessary to avoid common issues related to improper file permissions.

All the databases are showing size 0 MB in cpanel

When managing a server with cPanel, encountering an issue where all databases are showing as 0 MB in size can be concerning. This typically indicates a configuration issue rather than actual data loss. The solution involves a simple tweak in the cPanel configuration file and running a script to update the database cache. Here's a step-by-step guide to resolve this problem:

Step 1: Access the Server

First, you need to access your server's command line interface (CLI). This is usually done via SSH. Once logged in as the root user, you're ready to proceed to the next step.

Step 2: Edit the cPanel Configuration File

The cPanel configuration file, cpanel.config, contains various settings that control how cPanel behaves. To edit this file, you'll use the vi editor, a widely-used text editor in Unix-like operating systems. The command to open the file is:vi /var/cpanel/cpanel.config

Step 3: Modify the Configuration

While in the vi editor, you're looking to change the setting that includes database sizes in the disk usage calculations. By default, or due to a misconfiguration, this setting might be disabled (set to 0). You need to find the line that reads:
disk_usage_include_sqldb=0
and change it to:
disk_usage_include_sqldb=1

This change tells cPanel to include SQL database sizes in its disk usage calculations.

To edit in vi:
Navigate to the line using the arrow keys.
Press i to enter insert mode.
Make the necessary changes.
Press Esc to exit insert mode.
Type :wq and press Enter to save the changes and quit vi.

Step 4: Run the Update Script

After saving the changes to the cpanel.config file, you'll need to update the cPanel database cache. This is done by running a script included with cPanel:/scripts/update_db_cache


This script will process the change you've made and update the database sizes accordingly.
Conclusion

Following these steps should resolve the issue of databases showing as 0 MB in size within cPanel. It's a straightforward fix that addresses a common configuration oversight. After running the update script, you can verify the changes by checking the disk usage statistics in cPanel again. If the problem persists, it might be wise to consult with cPanel's documentation or reach out to their support for further assistance.