Mod_Evasive – mod_evasive is an evasive maneuvers module for Apache that provides evasive action in the event of an HTTP DoS attack or brute force attack. It is also designed to be a detection and network management tool and can be easily configured to talk to ipchains, firewalls, routers, and more.
Download the latest source file from http://www.zdziarski.com
cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://www.zdziarski.com/projects/mod_evasive/mod_evasive_1.10.1.tar.gz
tar -xvzf mod_evasive_1.10.1.tar.gz
cd mod_evasive/
We also have cPanel running on this box, so, to install, we run the following:
/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -i -a -c mod_evasive20.c
Now, that will create an entry in the httpd.conf file, and, if we want to retain that after an upgrade/rebuild, we need to tell cPanel not to take it out! Do do this, we now run this:
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/apache_conf_distiller –update
Now, to change the settings for mod_evasive, we need to add them in some place. All we have done so far, is install the actually module into apache, and, even with a restart, it would not be using it. So, I like to add things into my includes files through either WHM, or, directly through the terminal. To do this, we run the following:
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/includes/post_virtualhost_2.conf
Once the file is open, lets add in the following lines to the bottom of the file:
DOSHashTableSize 3097
DOSPageCount 2
DOSSiteCount 50
DOSPageInterval 1
DOSSiteInterval 1
DOSBlockingPeriod 3600
DOSEmailNotify root
Monday, February 11, 2013
Mod_Security –
Mod_Security – ModSecurity is an embeddable web application firewall. It provides protection from a range of attacks against web applications and allows for HTTP traffic monitoring and real-time analysis with no changes to existing infrastructure.
To install mod_security, go to WHM => EasyApache (or alternatively via CLI, run /scripts/easyapache). After you select your Apache and PHP versions, you’ll be brought to the Short Options page. Select mod_security from the list, then proceed with the build.
When the build is done, mod_security will be installed. The files are kept in the following location:
/usr/local/apache/conf/modsec2.user.conf
When hack attempts are identified by mod_security, they are logged in /usr/local/apache/logs/audit_log with the IP of the offender and what rule was violated. Visitors that trigger mod_security rules are greeted with a “406: Not Acceptable” error when doing so. However, mod_security does occasionally block legitimate website access attempts, specifically for software that happens to make calls consistent with a specific rule that mod_security is configured to block. Therefore, you may wish to either disable that rule, or disable mod_security for a specific domain or part of your website. Doing this is rather easy from command line.
First, open up your httpd.conf (/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf) and locate your domain’s block. Under it you’ll see a line like this that is commented out:
# Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/$user/$domain/*.conf"
Uncomment this line, then create the folder indicated (note that $user is your username, and $domain is your domain name):
mkdir -p /usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/$user/$domain/
cd /usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/$user/$domain/
Create a file called modsec.conf, and insert this line:
SecRuleEngine Off
To apply, restart Apache
mod_security rules
http://www.webhostingtalk.com/showthread.php?t=1072701
To install mod_security, go to WHM => EasyApache (or alternatively via CLI, run /scripts/easyapache). After you select your Apache and PHP versions, you’ll be brought to the Short Options page. Select mod_security from the list, then proceed with the build.
When the build is done, mod_security will be installed. The files are kept in the following location:
/usr/local/apache/conf/modsec2.user.conf
When hack attempts are identified by mod_security, they are logged in /usr/local/apache/logs/audit_log with the IP of the offender and what rule was violated. Visitors that trigger mod_security rules are greeted with a “406: Not Acceptable” error when doing so. However, mod_security does occasionally block legitimate website access attempts, specifically for software that happens to make calls consistent with a specific rule that mod_security is configured to block. Therefore, you may wish to either disable that rule, or disable mod_security for a specific domain or part of your website. Doing this is rather easy from command line.
First, open up your httpd.conf (/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf) and locate your domain’s block. Under it you’ll see a line like this that is commented out:
# Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/$user/$domain/*.conf"
Uncomment this line, then create the folder indicated (note that $user is your username, and $domain is your domain name):
mkdir -p /usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/$user/$domain/
cd /usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/$user/$domain/
Create a file called modsec.conf, and insert this line:
SecRuleEngine Off
To apply, restart Apache
mod_security rules
http://www.webhostingtalk.com/showthread.php?t=1072701
MultiTail – MultiTail is a program for monitoring multiple log files, in the fashion of the original tail program
MultiTail – MultiTail is a program for monitoring multiple log files, in the fashion of the original tail program
cd /usr/src/
wget http://www.vanheusden.com/multitail/multitail-5.2.12.tgz
tar zxvf multitail-5.2.12.tgz
cd multitail-*
yum install ncurses ncurses-devel -y
make install
multitail -i /etc/host.conf -i /etc/sysctl.conf
cd /usr/src/
wget http://www.vanheusden.com/multitail/multitail-5.2.12.tgz
tar zxvf multitail-5.2.12.tgz
cd multitail-*
yum install ncurses ncurses-devel -y
make install
multitail -i /etc/host.conf -i /etc/sysctl.conf
SPRI – Tool for changing the priority
SPRI – Tool for changing the priority of different processess running in the server according to the level of importance and thereby increasing the performance and productivity of the server.
cd /usr/src
wget http://www.rfxn.com/downloads/spri-current.tar.gz
tar zxvf spri-current.tar.gz
cd spri-0*
./install.sh
spri -v
cd /usr/src
wget http://www.rfxn.com/downloads/spri-current.tar.gz
tar zxvf spri-current.tar.gz
cd spri-0*
./install.sh
spri -v
System Integrity Monitor – Service monitoring of HTTP, FTP, DNS, SSH, MYSQL & more
System Integrity Monitor – Service monitoring of HTTP, FTP, DNS, SSH, MYSQL & more
cd /usr/src/
wget http://www.rfxn.com/downloads/sim-current.tar.gz
tar zxf sim-current.tar.gz
cd sim-3*
./setup -i
perl -pi -e "s/^init.named.*/init.named on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
perl -pi -e "s/^init.httpd.*/init.httpd on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
perl -pi -e "s/^init.mysqld.*/init.mysql on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
perl -pi -e "s/^init.named.*/init.named on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
perl -pi -e "s/^init.exim.*/init.exim on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
sim -j
cd /usr/src/
wget http://www.rfxn.com/downloads/sim-current.tar.gz
tar zxf sim-current.tar.gz
cd sim-3*
./setup -i
perl -pi -e "s/^init.named.*/init.named on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
perl -pi -e "s/^init.httpd.*/init.httpd on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
perl -pi -e "s/^init.mysqld.*/init.mysql on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
perl -pi -e "s/^init.named.*/init.named on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
perl -pi -e "s/^init.exim.*/init.exim on/" /usr/local/sim/config/mods.control
sim -j
MyTOP – A console-based (non-gui) tool for monitoring the threads and overall performance of a MySQL
MyTOP – A console-based (non-gui) tool for monitoring the threads and overall performance of a MySQL
/scripts/realperlinstaller –force Getopt::Long
/scripts/realperlinstaller –force DBI
/scripts/realperlinstaller –force DBD::mysql
/scripts/realperlinstaller –force Term::ReadKey
wget http://jeremy.zawodny.com/mysql/mytop/mytop-1.6.tar.gz
tar zxpfv mytop-1.6.tar.gz
cd mytop-1.6
perl Makefile.PL && make && make install
Error in option spec: “long|!” error message if you are trying to execute the mytop command. Please do the following to solve this error.
After doing perl Makefile.PL edit the mytop script inside the installation location and Search for the line
“long|!” => \$config{long_nums},
and comment it to
#”long|!” => \$config{long_nums},
and then execute make install from the source directory to install the altered mytop script.
After installing mytop you need to create a new file under /root/.mytop (mytop config file for root) with the lines below (mysql root password is found on /root/.my.cnf:
user=root
pass=
host=localhost
db=mysql
delay=5
port=3306
socket=
batchmode=0
header=1
color=1
idle=1
To
mytop -d mysql
/scripts/realperlinstaller –force Getopt::Long
/scripts/realperlinstaller –force DBI
/scripts/realperlinstaller –force DBD::mysql
/scripts/realperlinstaller –force Term::ReadKey
wget http://jeremy.zawodny.com/mysql/mytop/mytop-1.6.tar.gz
tar zxpfv mytop-1.6.tar.gz
cd mytop-1.6
perl Makefile.PL && make && make install
Error in option spec: “long|!” error message if you are trying to execute the mytop command. Please do the following to solve this error.
After doing perl Makefile.PL edit the mytop script inside the installation location and Search for the line
“long|!” => \$config{long_nums},
and comment it to
#”long|!” => \$config{long_nums},
and then execute make install from the source directory to install the altered mytop script.
After installing mytop you need to create a new file under /root/.mytop (mytop config file for root) with the lines below (mysql root password is found on /root/.my.cnf:
user=root
pass=
host=localhost
db=mysql
delay=5
port=3306
socket=
batchmode=0
header=1
color=1
idle=1
To
mytop -d mysql
Apache configuration(IN SERVERS USER WHM TO ADD GLOBAL SETTING TO THE httpd.conf)
Apache configuration(IN SERVERS USER WHM TO ADD GLOBAL SETTING TO THE httpd.conf)
To start, open the Apache configuration file and finding the directives section. On a cPanel server, it will be located in /usr/local/apache/conf/. On a Plesk server, it will be in /etc/httpd/conf/. If you are using vi or vim: once you open the file, you can find the directives by scrolling through the file, or by typing forward-slash ‘/’ and typing the exact string that you are looking for (search is case specific).
[root@host /] vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
or
[root@host /] vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
This list is a composite of the settings we will be reviewing from fresh install on a cPanel server:
Timeout 300
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 15
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 10
StartServers 5
MaxClients 150
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
Timeout 300
Usually this value doesn’t require editing and a default of 300 is sufficient. Lowering the ‘Timeout’ value will cause a long running script to terminate earlier than expected.
On virtualized servers like VPS servers, lowering this value to 100 can help improve performance.
KeepAlive On
This setting should be “On” unless the server is getting requests from hundreds of IPs at once.
High volume and/or load balanced servers should have this setting disabled (Off) to increase connection throughput.
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
This setting limits the number of requests allowed per persistent connection when KeepAlive is on. If it is set to 0, unlimited requests will be allowed.
It is recommended to keep this value at 100 for virtualized accounts like VPS accounts. On dedicated servers it is recommended that this value be modified to 150.
KeepAliveTimeout 15
The number of seconds Apache will wait for another request before closing the connection. Setting this to a high value may cause performance problems in heavily loaded servers. The higher the timeout, the more server processes will be kept occupied waiting on connections with idle clients.
It is recommended that this value be lowered to 5 on all servers.
MinSpareServers 5
This directive sets the desired minimum number of idle child server processes. An idle process is one which is not handling a request. If there are fewer spareservers idle then specified by this value, then the parent process creates new children at a maximum rate of 1 per second. Setting this parameter to a large number is almost always a bad idea.
Liquidweb recommends adjusting the value for this setting to the following:
Virtualized server, ie VPS 5
Dedicated server with 1-2GB RAM 10
Dedicated server with 2-4GB RAM 20
Dedicated server with 4+ GB RAM 25
****************************************************************
WHM Tweaking – Tweak WHM for better security and performance.
Server Setup =>> Tweak Settings
Check the following items...
Under Domains: Prevent users from parking/adding on common internet domains. (ie hotmail.com, aol.com)
Under Mail: Attempt to prevent pop3 connection floods
Default catch-all/default address behavior for new accounts - blackhole
Under System: Use jailshell as the default shell for all new accounts and
modified accounts
Goto Server Setup =>> Tweak Security
Enable php open_basedir Protection
*****************************************************************
PHP Tightening – Tweak PHP by changing the parameters of php configuration for better security and performance.
php.ini & disabled functions
Edit php.ini
[root@server ]# nano /usr/local/lib/php.ini
safe_mode = On
allow_url_fopen = off
expose_php = Off
Enable_dl= Off
magic_quotes = On
register_globals = off
display errors = off
disable_functions = system, show_source, symlink, exec, dl,shell_exec, passthru, phpinfo, escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd, popen, proc_open, allow_url_fopen, ini_set
************************************************************
PHP Upgarde – Compile PHP to its latest stable version which increases server security.
Using easyapache script .
************************************************************
MySQL optimization – Optimize MySQL value for better performance and stability
/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mysqltuner/mysqltuner.pl
#DO NOT MODIFY THE FOLLOWING COMMENTED LINES!
[mysqld]
max_connections = 400
key_buffer = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
join_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
table_cache = 1024
thread_cache_size = 286
interactive_timeout = 25
wait_timeout = 1000
connect_timeout = 10
max_allowed_packet = 16M
max_connect_errors = 10
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
query_cache_type = 1
tmp_table_size = 16M
skip-innodb
[mysqld_safe]
open_files_limit = 8192
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 32M
sort_buffer = 32M
read_buffer = 16M
write_buffer = 16M
MySQL parameters like query_cache_size, key_buffer_size, Table_cache, sort_buffer, read_rnd_buffer_size, thread_cache, tmp_table_size, query_cache_size etc should be altered according to your server status.
To start, open the Apache configuration file and finding the directives section. On a cPanel server, it will be located in /usr/local/apache/conf/. On a Plesk server, it will be in /etc/httpd/conf/. If you are using vi or vim: once you open the file, you can find the directives by scrolling through the file, or by typing forward-slash ‘/’ and typing the exact string that you are looking for (search is case specific).
[root@host /] vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
or
[root@host /] vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
This list is a composite of the settings we will be reviewing from fresh install on a cPanel server:
Timeout 300
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 15
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 10
StartServers 5
MaxClients 150
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
Timeout 300
Usually this value doesn’t require editing and a default of 300 is sufficient. Lowering the ‘Timeout’ value will cause a long running script to terminate earlier than expected.
On virtualized servers like VPS servers, lowering this value to 100 can help improve performance.
KeepAlive On
This setting should be “On” unless the server is getting requests from hundreds of IPs at once.
High volume and/or load balanced servers should have this setting disabled (Off) to increase connection throughput.
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
This setting limits the number of requests allowed per persistent connection when KeepAlive is on. If it is set to 0, unlimited requests will be allowed.
It is recommended to keep this value at 100 for virtualized accounts like VPS accounts. On dedicated servers it is recommended that this value be modified to 150.
KeepAliveTimeout 15
The number of seconds Apache will wait for another request before closing the connection. Setting this to a high value may cause performance problems in heavily loaded servers. The higher the timeout, the more server processes will be kept occupied waiting on connections with idle clients.
It is recommended that this value be lowered to 5 on all servers.
MinSpareServers 5
This directive sets the desired minimum number of idle child server processes. An idle process is one which is not handling a request. If there are fewer spareservers idle then specified by this value, then the parent process creates new children at a maximum rate of 1 per second. Setting this parameter to a large number is almost always a bad idea.
Liquidweb recommends adjusting the value for this setting to the following:
Virtualized server, ie VPS 5
Dedicated server with 1-2GB RAM 10
Dedicated server with 2-4GB RAM 20
Dedicated server with 4+ GB RAM 25
****************************************************************
WHM Tweaking – Tweak WHM for better security and performance.
Server Setup =>> Tweak Settings
Check the following items...
Under Domains: Prevent users from parking/adding on common internet domains. (ie hotmail.com, aol.com)
Under Mail: Attempt to prevent pop3 connection floods
Default catch-all/default address behavior for new accounts - blackhole
Under System: Use jailshell as the default shell for all new accounts and
modified accounts
Goto Server Setup =>> Tweak Security
Enable php open_basedir Protection
*****************************************************************
PHP Tightening – Tweak PHP by changing the parameters of php configuration for better security and performance.
php.ini & disabled functions
Edit php.ini
[root@server ]# nano /usr/local/lib/php.ini
safe_mode = On
allow_url_fopen = off
expose_php = Off
Enable_dl= Off
magic_quotes = On
register_globals = off
display errors = off
disable_functions = system, show_source, symlink, exec, dl,shell_exec, passthru, phpinfo, escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd, popen, proc_open, allow_url_fopen, ini_set
************************************************************
PHP Upgarde – Compile PHP to its latest stable version which increases server security.
Using easyapache script .
************************************************************
MySQL optimization – Optimize MySQL value for better performance and stability
/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mysqltuner/mysqltuner.pl
#DO NOT MODIFY THE FOLLOWING COMMENTED LINES!
[mysqld]
max_connections = 400
key_buffer = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
join_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
table_cache = 1024
thread_cache_size = 286
interactive_timeout = 25
wait_timeout = 1000
connect_timeout = 10
max_allowed_packet = 16M
max_connect_errors = 10
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
query_cache_type = 1
tmp_table_size = 16M
skip-innodb
[mysqld_safe]
open_files_limit = 8192
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 32M
sort_buffer = 32M
read_buffer = 16M
write_buffer = 16M
MySQL parameters like query_cache_size, key_buffer_size, Table_cache, sort_buffer, read_rnd_buffer_size, thread_cache, tmp_table_size, query_cache_size etc should be altered according to your server status.
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